Antidetonation piston construction for internal-combustion engines



Jan. 17, 1928.

A. MOORE ANTIDBTONATION PISTON CONSTRUCTION-GR INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINES Fied Jan.17, 1927 /NVE/VTOE Patented Jaim. 17, V1ere. A1,656,360 UNITED STATES PATENToFFicE.

ARLINGTON MOORE, OF NEW YORK, N. r., AssrONoR, EY MEsNR ASSIGNMENTsTOMAXMOOR CORPORATION, OENRW YORK, N. vr., A CORPORATION or DELAWARE.

ANTTDETONATION EISTON CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL-OOMEUSTION ENGINES.

Appiieation mea January 17, 1927. Serial Nb. 161,525,

My invention is of an antidetonation pistending or projecting portions,said passages ton head for internal combustion'engines. merging in anopen space at the center of The object of the invention 1s the prothepiston lhead. vision of the piston head of an internal`com- In the formshown, there are four of: the

bustionengine with projections forming upward extensions 28, 80, 32 and34, of out 6o substantialiy turbine-like passages between line'comprising arcuate sides and rounded them, whereby the movement of thegases ends, each arranged with its inner end at a and flame propagationis controlled and d1- short distance from the' center of the head`rected in such a way as to materially reduce of piston 14,thenceextending outwardly in or entirely avoid detonation as an acco1n-'substantially spiralor circumferential direc- 65 paniment of combustionin thefengine cyl tion, and the outer rounded ends terminating inders.l'near the periphery of the piston head.14.

Another object consists in the provision -This Spacing and Substantiallyradiating arof a separate crown for attachment to the rangement of theprojections 28-34 propiston heads and containing projections andy ducesan vopen central space 36, fromwhich 70 passages by which detonation isavoided. radiate the substantially turbine passages 88,

With these land related objects in v-iew, opening into the broad spaces40 between the I show in thefyac'companying drawings an outer ends ofthe projections. embodiment Ofmy' invention which is in- The projectionsarev preferably formed 2.0 tended for villustration and for affording anwith stepped Surfaces, each thereof in the 75 understanding oftheprinciple of the invenfo 'm shown beingprovided with two steps. tion. Inthe case of the projections 28 and 30 lo-' In said drawings, Fig. 1 is afragmentary cated furthest from thel valve end of comvertieal section ofan L-head internal combusbustion chamber 42, the lower step 44 is lotionengine adapted to consume volatile liquid cated on the inner side ofsaid projectionsso fuel and equipped with a pistonl embodying 28 and 30or nearer the central space 36, my invention, the Section being takenonfzand the hlgher step 46 on the outer side line 1-1, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 isa plan view with thereof. In the case of the othertwo prothe cylinderhead removed. Fig. 3 isa view- ]ections 32 and34, .located on the sideof similar to Fig. 1, but with Vthe spark plugthe piston head nearer thevalves, the lower 85 over the piston, instead of over the intake step 44is formed on the outer, and the upvalve as in Figl. Fig. 4 is a planview of lp er step'. 4G on the inner, side of the projeca piston headhaving 'a separate crown at7- "tions The side walls 48 and 50 ofprojectached thereto, and Fig. 5 is a section onrtio/n/s28-34, and theriser wall 52 connect .5 line 55, Fig. 4. l j inglthe steps 44 and 46are preferably at 90 Reference character 10 designates ,thecyl-.snbstantially right angles to the plane of the inder block, 12 the'cylinderVbona' 14 the head surface, and the step surfaces piston, and16 the cylinder headiofaV four 44, 45 are preferably plane surfacessubstan cycle internal combustion engine adapted tol tially parallel tothev piston head.

0 consume.v volatile liquid fuel. The` engine @Thus the passffges B8between ,the Several 95 shown is an L-head engine having sideprojections are narrowest, next to or closev valves, the intake valvebeing designated by down upon the piston head, and further referencecharacter 18 andthe exhaust valve .away from the piston head,they arewidened by reference character 20. Cylinder head 1G outq by the width ofstep surfaces 44. i i

5 is preferably removable as shown. The Instead of being formed directlyin the 10 Spark plug 22 may ',be'located in a hole 24 material of thepiston head, projections 28', over the intake valve18 (Fig. l), but ispref- 30, 32 and '34 maybe formed on-a crown erably llocated in hole 26over the piston 60 having its under Vsurface fitting the pis head, andpreferably over the center of the ton head closely `so as to secure goodheat 0 piston head. (Fig. 3). conduction, and secured in place, as bythe 105 The piston head is so formed that upward screws 62. The screwsv62 are preferably extensions therefrom alternate 4with intervlocked inplace by drilling holes partly in mediate open'spaces, providing ineffect, and the screw and lpartly inV the icrown member especially whenthe piston is at top center, 61), after thescrews have been screwed-,up

5 Spirally radiating passages between the extight, and driving dowelpins 64into thesesllo v value in securing the breaking up of pressurewaves holes and then peening over the material furnishing plenty ofmateria-l to secure an effective fastening. The provision of the`separately attached crown is especiall useful in converting old enginesto embo y my invention and where it is desired toincrease thecompression ratio by reducing the clearance volume. The crowns may be ofthe same metallic composition as the pistons, in-

which case their having the same coeilicients of expansion is ofadvantage, or other metals, preferably goodconductors of heat, may beused for making the crowns.

The described piston head formation is of agitation of the cylinder asesand improved admixture thereof during the intake and compression strokesand avoiding tendency of the unscavanged gases to be disposed in'separate layerl formation, but the greatest benefit of the invention ismanifested during combustion and on the expansion stroke. With the sparkplug arranged over. the central space 36, the liame.

propagation is largely passages 38, and out through the enlargements 40thereof and with the progressive expansion of the hot gases so obtained,and produced by the projections and the st'e) and riser surfacesthereof, and the rapi spread of the ame produced bythe agitated'state ofthe gases, detonation is efectually avoided. Furthermore, theprojections being heated during combustion give -up heat to the-incomingcharge and produce improved results in the direction of securingcomplete gasifidirected along the cation of the liquid fuel in case ofwetmixture being supplied to the engine cylinders. The agitation andheat transfer obtained during the intake stroke and upon compress ionare of advantage in avoiding localized overheating and preignition.

With the spark plug over the intake valve` the results secured aregenerally similar, and while there is not quite the same turbine orradiating effect in the spreading of flame limmediately upon ignition asis secured with the spark plug over the center of the piston, theadvance of any pressure'wave progressing toward the end of thecombustion chamber opposite the valves is`eifect-ually broken up bycoming into repeated contact with the step and riser surfaces of theprojections which are encountered in turn one after an other. i

The subject matter of my invention disclosed in this application and notclaimed therein is disclosed and claimed in part in 66 are drilled-'July 28,1926;

my copending application serial No. 145,211, filed October 30, 1926 andinpart in one or more of the following copending applications filed by.meg Serial No. 125,414filed Serial No. 140,726, filed Oct. ll, 1926;Serial No. 140,727, filed Oct. 1l, 1926; Serial No. 141,289, filed Oct.13, 1926; Serial No. 142,230, filed Oct. 18, 1926; Serial No. 142,231,filed Oct. 18, 1926; Serial No. 143,317, filed (Oct. .22, 1926; SerialNo.

145,212, filed oct-aa 192e.

f I cla-im:

1. A piston for four-cycle internal co1nbustion engines lconsumingvolatile liquid fuel, having projections on its head disposed in spacedrelation toeach other about a common center and extending outwardly Vina circumferential direction relative to said center.

2. A piston for four-cycle internal combustion engines consumingvolatile liquid fuel, having projections on its head disposed in angularrelation to each other vabout a common center and extending outwardly ina circumferential direction relative to said. center, sald projectionshaving stepped sur# faces.

3. An L-head, four-cycle internal combustionengine for consumingvolatile liquid fuel, having the istons thereof provided with'headprojections disposed in angular.- relation to each other, and extendingout-- wardly in -a circumferential direction rela'- tive to the centerof the piston, and the spark plug being located over the piston head.

4. An L-head, four-cycle internal Acornbustion engine for consumingvolatile liquid fuel, having the pistons thereof provided with headprojections disposed in spaced relation tol each other about the centerof the piston and extending outwardly therel Afrom, and alternating withintermediate open passages of width iii/creasing outwardly vtowards theVouter portions of the piston head, and the spark plug being located overthe piston head.

5. A crown for attachment to piston heads of four-cycle internalcombustion engines consuming volatile liquid fuel, having projectionsthereon disposed in spaced relation to cachA other about a centralpoint, and extending' outwardly in a circumferential di-` rectionrelative to said point.

-6. A piston for four-cycle internal combustion engines comprising aplurality of members projecting fromtlie piston'head land disposed inangular relation to each other about the center thereof, and revidingoutwardly extending passages t erebetween; each of lsaid membersincluding stepped portions, and the members at one side of'said pistonhead having the lower of said stepped portions facing outwardly` and themembers at the opposite side of said oonstricted tively wide ingarcurate members projecting from the pis` ton head and disposed to eachother about the head; said members extendingoutwardly in in angularrelation a spiral direction relative to said center andl providingtherebetweenl a plurality of passages having wide inner portions,relatively intermediate portions, and relaouter portions.

8. A four-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder havinga combustion chamber at 'one end thereof, a piston head within saidcylinder, a plurality of members projecting` from said piston head anddisposed in spaced relation to each other about .the center thereof;-said members eX- tending outwardly in a circumferential directionrelative to said center, and rovidcenter of said piston outwardlyextending passages t erebe' tween, and a spark plug within saidcornbustion chamber in alignment with the center of said piston head.

9. A four-cycle internal combustion e11- gine comprising'a cylinderhaving a combustion chamber at one end thereof, a piston head withinsaid cylinder, a plurality of arcuate members each havingv stepped p0r-ftions and projecting from said piston head and disposed in angularrelation to each other about the center thereof; said arcuate membersextending outwardly in a` spiral direction relative to said center andproviding a plurality of passages therebetween, each havlng a wide innerportion, a rolatively constricted intermediate portion and a relativelywide outer ortion, and a spark plug disposed within said combustioncham'- ber in alignment; with the center of said piston head.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my1 name hereto. ARLINGTON

